Migrant, Refugee, Smuggler, Saviour
Author: Peter Tinti and Tuesday Reitano
Publisher: Hurst Publishers
Print Length: 352 pages
Genre: Non-Fiction / Anthropology, Migration & Refugee Studies, Politics
Area: Agadez, Niger, The Sahel, Egypt, Libya, Izmir, Turkey/Türkiye, Central Mediterranean, Mediterranean, Europe, Greece, Italy, The Balkans
Topic: Migrants, Migration, Asylum & Asylum Seekers, Refugees & Forced Migration, Smuggling & Human Trafficking, Asylum & Refugee System, Abuse, Crimes, Freedom to Move and to Stay, Mobility & Immobility, Movement of People and Ideas, Diplomacy, Economy, Global System, Borders, Immigration Control, Market, Politics & Power, Suffering, Torture
Investigates one of the most under-examined aspects of the great migration crisis of our time to discover who profits from it.
As millions of people seek passage to Europe in order to escape conflict, repression, poverty and natural catastrophe, their movements are enabled and encouraged by ruthless professional criminal networks that earn billions of pounds from this insidious new trade. Migrant, Refugee, Smuggler, Saviour investigates one of the most under-examined aspects of the great migration crisis of our time to discover who profits from it.
The human suffering that results extends well beyond the Mediterranean: the smugglers’ routes cross the Sahara, penetrate deep into the Balkans and reach hidden corners of Europe’s capitals. But smugglers are also revered as saviours by many of those they move, delivering them to a safer place and a better life. Disconcertingly, it is often criminals who help the most desperate, when the international system turns them away.
This book is a measured attempt, born of years of research and reporting in the field, to better understand how people-smuggling networks function, the ways in which they have evolved, and their long term impact on both migration and global organised crime.
Table of Contents
Acknowledgements
Select Acronyms
Author’s Note
Introduction: Smugglers and Saviours
PART 1
1. Smugglers Needed
Options in Exile / Seeking Asylum: Rights and Privileges / Smuggler or Saviour?
2. Smugglers Inc.
A Transnational Crime / The Business Model of Human Smuggling
3. Structure and Design
In on the Ground Floor / The Logisticians / Moving Money / Forging a New Identity
4. Routes
Central Mediterranean Route / Aegean Route through Turkey
PART 2
5. Libya: Out of Africa
Criminal Economies in Libya and the Greater Sahara / Syrian Dollars on Libyan Shores / More Nostrum Changes the Game / Extortion and Abuse
6. Egypt: The North Coast
The Long Trip to Italy / Cooperation and Complicity
7. Desert Highway: Agadez and the Sahel
Understanding the Sahel / Niger, Agadez and the West / New Masters / Everybody is Eating
8. Turkey: The Crossroads
Izmir / The Mob: Criminal Market Consolidation / The €6 Billion Question
9. Schengen and Beyond
Cracks in the Fortress / Greek Tragedy / Balkan Odyssey / Dead Ends of Europe
Conclusion
The World We Live In / Postcards from the Front / Wider Ramifications / Closing an Industry: Supply and Demand / Messaging to the Market / Diplomatic Solutions / Vested Interests / On the Demand Side
Notes
Bibliography
Index
Peter Tinti is a Senior Research Fellow at the Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime and independent journalist, focusing on conflict, human rights and organized crime. As part of his work for the Global Initiative, Tinti has written and contributed to several reports on organized crime in the Sahel, narcotics trafficking in Mali, and migrant smuggling networks in Africa, Asia, and Europe. In addition to his work for the Global Initiative, Tinti’s writing and photography has appeared in The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, Foreign Policy, and Vice, among other outlets. Tinti’s work covering the conflict in Mali earned him recognition by Action on Armed Violence, which included him on its list titled, “Top 100: The most influential journalists covering armed violence.”
Source: https://globalinitiative.net/profile/peter-tinti/
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Tuesday Reitano is Deputy Director at the Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime and a senior research advisor at the Institute for Security Studies in Pretoria, where she leads the ENACT programme on behalf of the GI-TOC. She was formerly the director of CT MORSE, an independent policy and monitoring unit for the EU’s programmes in counter-terrorism, and for 12 years was a policy specialist in the UN System, including with the UN Development Programme (UNDP), the UN Development Group (UNDG) and the UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). In this time, she has amassed a wealth of experience in fragile states and development working both with states, civil society and at the community level to strengthen resilience to transnational threats, promote sustainable development and the rule of law. She has authored a number of policy orientated and academic reports with leading institutions such as the UN, World Bank and OECD on topics ranging from organized crime’s evolution and impact in Africa, on human smuggling, illicit financial flows, and the nexus between crime, terrorism, security and development. She holds three Masters Degrees in Business Administration (MBA), Public Administration (MPA) and an MSc in Security, Conflict and International Development. Tuesday is based in Geneva, Switzerland, with her family.
Source: https://globalinitiative.net/profile/tuesday-reitano/
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